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Littleborough is a town〔.〕 within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. It is located in the upper Roch Valley by the foothills of the South Pennines, northeast of Rochdale and north-northeast of Manchester; Milnrow and the M62 motorway are to the south, and the rural uplands of Blackstone Edge are to the east. In 2001, Littleborough and its suburbs of Calderbrook, Shore and Smithy Bridge,〔.〕 had a population of 13,807. Historically a part of Lancashire, Littleborough and its surroundings have provided evidence of Neolithic, Celtic, Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity in the area.〔 During the Middle Ages, Littleborough was a hamlet in the manor of Hundersfield, parish of Rochdale and hundred of Salford.〔〔.〕 It was focussed upon the junction of two ancient routes over the Pennines — one of which may have been a Roman road〔 — that joined to cross the River Roch. By 1472, Littleborough consisted of a chapel, a cluster of cottages, and an inn, and its inhabitants were broadly farmers who were spurred to weave wool by merchants who passed between the markets at Rochdale and Halifax.〔 When cotton was introduced as a base to make textiles, Littleborough experienced an influx of families, mostly from the neighbouring West Riding of Yorkshire.〔〔 Affluent homes and estates were established on Littleborough's fringes.〔 In the late-18th century, the low-altitude Summit Gap between Littleborough and Walsden was approved as the best route over the Pennines for the Rochdale Canal and the Manchester to Leeds railway; Hollingworth Lake was built at Littleborough's south side as a feeder reservoir to regulate the waters of the canal. This infrastructure encouraged industrialists to modify Littleborough's traditional handloom cloth workshops with a mechanised form of textile production.〔 Attracted to the area's natural resources and modern infrastructure, coal mining, engineering ventures and increasingly large textile mills contributed to Littleborough's population growth and urbanisation, sealing its status as a mill town. Local government reforms established the Littleborough Urban District in 1894 which was governed by its own district council until its abolition in 1974. During the mid-20th century, imports of cheaper foreign goods prompted the gradual deindustrialisation of Littleborough, but its commercial diversity allowed it to repel the ensuing economic depression experienced elsewhere in North West England. Subsumed into the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in 1974, Littleborough endures as a commuter town with a distinct community; its Civic Trust works to preserve and enhance its historic character, and societies exist to utilise the surrounding countryside for water-skiing, horse riding and other recreational activities.〔 Littleborough's stone-built town centre is designated as a Conservation Area for its special architectural qualities. ==History== Evidence of human activity in the area, dating to at least the Neolithic period, exists in the form of ancient flint tool and arrowhead discoveries.〔 Rochdale Museum hold an early Iron Age bracelet made of a shale from Kimmeridge in Dorset, which was found in 1929 on Flint Hill, east of Blackstone Edge.〔 A torque (or necklet) with ornamentation of a late-Celtic design was found in the Mawrode area of Littleborough in 1832;〔 and the name Calderbrook is derived from an ancient Celtic language,〔 two factors implying inhabitation by Britons. Littleborough is supposed to have been the site of a small station along the Roman road that is routed from ''Mamucium'' (Manchester) to ''Eboracum'' (York) which skirts the town. Evidence of Roman occupation in Littleborough comes from finds of coins and pottery,〔 and the right arm of a silver statue of Victory.〔.〕 Following the Roman departure from Britain, the remaining population came under the influence of the Anglo-Saxons.〔 Place names indicate the Anglo-Saxon settlement of the Littleborough area, for example the ‘gate’ element in Lydgate and Reddyshore Scout Gate is Old English for ‘road’.〔 The name Littleborough is itself derived from the Old English ''lȳtel bruh'' (meaning small fortified place) or else ''lȳtel bróc'' (meaning small watercourse). In 1848 the population was chiefly employed in three flannel-mills, four cotton-factories, in bleachworks, six coal-pits, a stone-quarry and in brick-making.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Littleborough, Greater Manchester」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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